[Moon's Craters/ Photo Credit to Pexels]

In 2009, scientists Leonardo Carrer and Lorenzo Bruzzone discovered something called lunar caves, and they think that these lunar caves can change space exploration completely. 

The caves formed millions of years ago when lava tubes collapsed on the surface of the moon.

Lava tubes helped create the structure of what now scientists think will be the future of space exploration.

Originally, these structures were created when molten rock flowed beneath the moon’s surface, eventually leaving behind hollow tunnels after the lava drained away.

Today, these lunar caves are ancient lava tubes, and scientists estimate that there are hundreds, and possibly thousands of additional hidden lava tunnels under the moon’s surface.

The discovery captured scientist’s attention because the caves might protect astronauts from extreme temperature swings and constant exposure to space radiation.

Unlike the Moon’s harsh surface environment, the thick walls of these natural formations can shield explorers from dangerous radiation and provide cover from any asteroids or meteorites. 

Surprisingly, over 200 lunar caves have been identified, offering mission planners a range of options for future exploration.

Scientists hope that the lunar caves won’t provide insights about the moon, but also help researchers understand formation processes on other planets in the solar system as well.

The discovery opens up a whole realm of opportunities for space exploration that didn’t exist before.

Prior to this research focus on discovering and studying lunar caves, establishing permanent human presence on the Moon seemed nearly impossible due to surface hazards.

Researchers believe these naturally-formed shelters can help humanity finally create a safe habitat on the moon!

A problem scientists still worry about is if the lunar cave will sustain the harsh temperatures of the moon.

However, a problem scientists still worry about is whether the lunar caves will withstand the harsh temperatures of the moon.

During lunar daytime, temperatures reach about 127 degrees Celsius during the day, while falling to -170 degrees Celsius during the night.

This extreme variation occurs because the surface of the moon is illuminated by sunlight for approximately 15 days, causing temperatures to rise to levels that could boil water.

When the sun goes down for 15 days, temperatures drop well below freezing.

To solve these problems, scientists have been studying locations on the moon where the weather is more moderate, making it likely that astronauts could safely work in the lunar caves without being harmed.

Research teams have concentrated on a lunar cave located in Mare Tranquillitatis.

This formation is about 100 meters deep and about the size of a soccer field.

Researchers have analyzed the rock and lunar regolith (moon dust) in the area to determine the average temperature inside the lunar cave. 

According to their findings, the permanently shaded areas within these pits maintain a pleasant temperature of approximately 17 degrees Celsius.

If scientists prove that lunar caves would be safe for astronauts, they could cover the opening of the cave with moon rocks and dust to give extra protection from dangerous space radiation.

These findings and the ongoing research lead to the conclusion that these lunar caves may become the first suitable home for future astronauts. 

As space agencies worldwide plan for sustained lunar missions, these natural shelters could prove invaluable for establishing humanity’s first permanent outpost beyond Earth.